List of Major Scientific Questions, Engineering Technology Challenges, and Industrial Technology Issues for 2024.
Recently, the China Association for Science and Technology released the list of major scientific questions, engineering technology challenges, and industrial technology issues for 2024. Among them, the top ten engineering technology challenges include the theory and technology for quality control of large-sized semiconductor silicon single crystals, and the realization of brain-computer interaction in a high-throughput multimodal manner; the top ten industrial technology issues include the development of independently controllable high-performance GPU chips, and the path to sustainable development of high-speed and large-capacity optical transmission technology under the background of high-end chip process restrictions.
Here is the specific list of major scientific questions, engineering technology challenges, and industrial technology issues for 2024:
Top Ten Frontier Scientific Questions
1. Research on Digital Humans and Robots with Emotional and Cognitive Capabilities2. Coordinate the large-scale development of new energy and the green transformation of coal power through the coupling of electricity, hydrogen, and carbon.
3. Identify, trace, and manage the health risks of new pollutants in multi-medium environments.
4. The biological basis of high photosynthetic efficiency in crops.
5. The transport mechanism of multi-scale non-equilibrium flows.
6. Achieve efficient combustion and near-zero emission control of zero-carbon high-power internal combustion engines with ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuels.
7. Whether the ancient humans discovered within China are the ancestors of modern Chinese people.
8. Achieve the emergence of functions in flexible materials through coupling and hybridization.
9. Decoding the complex micro and macro associations of the human phenome and their mechanisms.
10. Research on the interaction and mechanisms between immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy.Here is the translation of the given text into English:
Top Ten Engineering Technology Challenges
1. Rapid Evaluation of Precision Maintenance for Industrial Machine Tools
2. Quality Control Theory and Technology for Large-Sized Semiconductor Silicon Single Crystals
3. Research on the Safety and Reliability of High Arch Dams under Complex Geological Conditions in High Seismic Intensity Areas
4. Research on the Positioning Detection Technology of Ice Giants and Their Satellites for Exploration Spacecraft
5. Mesoscience Support for One-Step Scaling Up of Multiphase Reactors from Laboratory to Industrial Scale
6. Key Issues Research on the Construction of Deep Sea Comprehensive Energy Islands
7. Space Multidimensional Omics Leading the Next Generation of Molecular Pathological Diagnosis Innovation
8. Issues of Independent Engineering Design Software in the Infrastructure Field
9. Realizing Brain-Computer Interaction in a High-Throughput Multimodal Manner
Please note that some terms may not have a direct translation, and the provided translations are based on the best understanding of the original text.10. Achieving ecological carbon balance through highly efficient and mild activation transformation and large-scale utilization of carbon dioxide.
Top Ten Industrial Technology Issues
1. Green manufacturing of drugs and functional materials through precise chemistry.
2. Low-cost, low-carbon iron smelting using clean energy.
3. Application of cloud-network fusion technology in satellite internet.
4. Research on carbon emission monitoring methods based on digital technology.
5. Development of autonomous and controllable high-performance GPU chips.
6. Breakthrough in the industrialization of key technologies for substituting feed raw materials such as soybean meal and corn.
7. Construction of a breeding technology system for rare and endangered traditional Chinese medicinal materials and their sustainable development and utilization.8. Pathways for the sustainable development of high-speed, large-capacity optical transmission technology under the background of restricted high-end chip manufacturing processes
9. Promoting the classification and treatment of related metabolic diseases by applying AI-based retinal vascular health technology
10. Breakthroughs in urban rail mobile block systems based on CTCS
It is reported that this year's solicitation and publication activities received 597 questions and difficulties recommended by 102 national societies, joint bodies of societies, enterprise science and technology associations, and university science and technology associations, covering ten major fields such as basic science in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, earth science, ecological environment, manufacturing technology, information technology, advanced materials, resources and energy, aerospace technology, agricultural technology, and life and health. After the initial and final selection processes, 129 academicians and experts strictly reviewed and selected the top ten frontier scientific questions, top ten engineering technical difficulties, and top ten industrial technical issues.
In April of this year, the Beijing municipal government released the "Beijing Municipal Implementation Plan for the Construction of Computing Power Infrastructure (2024-2027)". The plan clearly states that enterprises purchasing independently controllable GPU chips to provide intelligent computing services will be supported according to a certain proportion of their investment. This measure aims to accelerate the realization of self-controlled supply of intelligent computing resources.
It mentions changing the "small and scattered" situation of intelligent computing construction, concentrating on building a large single intelligent computing cluster, and by 2025, the city's intelligent computing supply scale will reach 45EFLOPS. From 2025 to 2027, the layout of computing power will be further optimized according to the development needs of large AI models and relevant national arrangements. The interconnection and operation service platform of Beijing's computing power will be gradually improved, and the supply and demand scheduling of intelligent computing resources will be highly efficient and coordinated. By 2027, the software and hardware products of intelligent computing infrastructure will be fully self-controlled, the overall performance will reach a leading level in the country, and there will be a 100% self-controlled intelligent computing center construction capability, effectively supporting the training and inference of general and industry vertical large models that are benchmarked at the international leading level. Intelligent computing accurately empowers the city's governance, industrial development, and livelihood security, with more than 200 industry benchmark cases driven by intelligent computing, promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of various fields such as medical care, education, culture, finance, manufacturing, and energy. The PUE value of newly built and renovated intelligent computing centers in the city generally does not exceed 1.25, and the PUE value of large-scale advanced intelligent computing centers with an annual energy consumption of more than 30,000 tons of standard coal generally does not exceed 1.15. Promote the upgrading and transformation of existing data centers in the city, and by the end of the plan, the PUE value of all existing data centers will not exceed 1.35.
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